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THE HISTORY OF
OLIVER MACHINERY
A Brief History of the Oliver Machinery
Company
The following excerpt is from the book
Vintage Woodworking Machinery
By Dana Batory
Available from Astragal
Press
5 Cold Hill Rd. #12, P.O. Box 239, Mendham, NJ 07945, 973-543-3045 Joseph W. Oliver was born in Oswego, New York, in 1864 and
moved to Grand Rapids in 1878 at the age of 14. He became an
apprentice machinist at the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Company and
later at Butterworth & Lowe Co., which originally made wood
trimmers.
The first wood trimmer was made in 1879 at Middletown, Connecticut,
and patented by W.R. Fox. A wood trimmer or miter trimmer stands
midway between a hand tool and a power machine tool. Hand or
foot activated, two razor sharp knives, operating somewhat like
a guillotine in a cast iron frame, offer controlled shaving of
stock.
Oliver left Butterworth & Lowe and became a salesman for
The Fox Machine Co. In 1890, certain that he could do better
marketing his own trimmers, Oliver designed a new and more advanced
line. By 1891 the Builders Iron Foundry, Providence, Rhode Island,
was manufacturing the machines for Oliver's company, now called
The American Machinery Company.
In 1896 Oliver made a personal tour of pattern shops all over
England, Ireland, and Scotland, demonstrating trimmers and selling
them from a flamboyant custom-painted horse drawn lorry. By 1898
Oliver, tiring of the headache of jobbing the work out, decided
it was high time American built the trimmers itself; he opened
the companyís first factory in a basement shop.
In 1903 it was decided that the company's name needed to be
changed, since it was being confused with the huge American Wood
Working Machinery Co. of Rochester, New York, a major competitor.
"The Oliver Machinery Co." was chosen. Employees in
1903 numbered about 25. The average hourly wage was 17 cents
an hour for a 60 hour week. That same year Oliver moved into
and even larger factory.
The company was incorporated January 7, 1907, with capital
consisting of $100,000 in common shares and $50,000 in preferred
stock. The net worth of the company was listed as $436,152 on
October 1, 1907. Still working 60 hour weeks, the average Oliver
worker earned 21 cents per hour.
Oliver began putting serial numbers on its machinery in 1907.
Serial Number 1 went on a Type B tablesaw. (As a point of reference,
the serial number of the first machine shipped after January
1, 1990 was 207,675.)
Perhaps the greatest innovation in woodworking machinery was
the introduction of the round cutterhead. The head was first
developed in England (1901) and later in Germany, where it was
patented January 21, 1908. Oliver purchased the German patent
the same year. Every circular safety cylinder in the United States
today is basically a copy of the one brought out by Oliver.
On December 31, 1919, Oliver Machinery, now owned by V.M.
Tuthill and F.A. and R.F. Baldwin, purchased the ownersí
own company - Baldwin, Tuthill & Bolton ñ factory,
inventory, and equipment. In other words, the companies merged,
becoming the Oliver Machinery Co. The title "Oliver"
was retained, since it was a well established and respected name.
Oliver calculated that more than 1500 high, grammar, and intermediate
schools with manual training departments used Oliver Machinery.
Between 1908 and 1922, for example, the Minneapolis Board of
Education purchased over 264 Oliver machines.
In 1929 the company took in 9406 orders. The depression did
not hurt Oliver immediately, but eventually, sales began to slacken.
By 1931 Oliver was suffering. The bottom was hit in 1932 and
1933; business had fallen off by 92%!
Oliver gradually emerged from the Depression, overcoming a
sudden recession in 1937 and a small dip in sales in 1944 and
1945. Oliver calculated in 1950 that its machinery was being
used in over 2200 vocational shops. In that year, Oliver employed
a total of 500 people, about 200 of whom were engaged in building
woodworking machinery, earning $1.77 per hour for a 40 hour week.
Through the years Oliver has dropped and added various machines
to its product line. By 1994, the company had produced over 150,000
machines and Oliver estimated that over 75,000 were still in
operation on a daily basis worldwide.
Perhaps the best compliment to its line was made by retired
shop teacher Stephen Rose of Tucson, Arizona who described Oliver's
lathes to me as "boy-proof." A true test of durability
if there ever was one!
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